Evidence Base Practice Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proof Base Practice - Research Proposal Example Level of training had no significant effect on the impact of the intercession neither in men (p=0.39) nor in ladies (p=0.32). Exploration focuses on the general parts of conclusion, anticipation and treatment. Focuses on contemplates with respect to correspondence procedures. Likewise incorporates considers that look at middle results On the inquiry whether ibuprofen system and change of way of life would aid the decrease of heart sicknesses, discoveries thought that it was conceivable. A difference in way of life, for instance decreased smoking and liquor admission will diminish the danger of heart illnesses. Discoveries demonstrated that most ladies knew about modifiable hazard factors for cardiovascular illness. There were hindrances to sound eating regimen among ladies one of which was worry of food wastage. The examination recorded inspirational perspectives towards physical movement. Univariate displaying demonstrated that higher inspiration scores were associated with more noteworthy individual hazard factor information/mindfulness and more worry about cardiovascular illness (CVD) (R2=0.43, 95% certainty span [CI] 0.35-0.50 for the two scores). More youthful age, Asian ethnicity, and lower instruction levels were connected with decreased want to modify their cardiovascular hazard factors ( p

Course in Engineering and Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Course in Engineering and Management. Answer: Presentation As an understudy seeking after a course in Engineering and the board, this will contribute towards the accomplishment of a Masters program in the Engineering and Master in Management or MEM in which there will be specialization in both Management and Manufacturing. During youth times, the best leisure activity was finding out about how various machines filled in as well as making premium and time to guarantee that the hands on understanding on the most recent innovation that was embraced was learnt so as to improve the way wherein various machines worked. This is the significant motivation behind why I selected to consider Mechanical Engineering during my undergrad contemplates. The culmination of college Degree furnished understudies with a firm and solid establishment that upgraded an information base as well as furnished people with a chance to get hands on understanding and improvement of information in the fantasy vocation. So as to guarantee that more information and experience was picked up, I selected to seek after a Master of Engineering and a Master of Engineering Management in this lofty college in order to increase an upper hand in the assembling segment. It is very certain this is undoubtedly the best course and preparing for in light of the fact that not exclusively will it furnish understudies with key or basic mechanical subjects that have an establishment in Engineering the board yet it will likewise give a basic open door that will help to build up the truly necessary aptitudes. Subsequently, this will eventually help in successfully dealing with the various difficulties that may emerge over the span of vocation. Attributable to the way that I have embraced various innovative preparing that are applicable to this course, for example, Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and Computer Aided Design (CAD), I am very sure that I have the fundamental aptitudes and information that will empower me to tackle any genuine issues in the structure field and furthermore viably test arrangements that can be utilized in settling different issues. That separated, these preparation have likewise empowered me to increase fundamental preparing in dealing with issues that may radiate in the planning segments and furthermore accomplish arrangements utilizing various programming bundles. Taking care of Problems and Design In view of the FEIT quality that has been introduced, I picked the Problem Solving and Design since it viably mirrors the information that I have gotten the hang of during the course. Notwithstanding that, it is likewise in light of the fact that it will help me to successfully focus on my accomplishments. Being a specialist, I should not just have basic aptitudes that will help me in the distinguishing proof or acknowledgment of the real issue yet I should likewise be in a superior situation of recognizing feasible arrangements that will be better material under various circumstances: One of the prerequisites was the planning of an undertaking to test the quality of steel that is utilized in building. It was reasonable to find out the quality of steel so as to learn the complete weight that could withstand. Through this gathering venture, I was in a superior situation of applying the various hypothetical information that I had learnt in class in the real workplace. Through the above gathering venture, I came to figure out how different frameworks were created and how different issues they could experience could be settled. Throughout taking a shot at our gathering venture, I found that it was really hard for my gathering to successfully pick the best instruments that can be utilized to guarantee the accomplishment of the task. In any case, it is clear to realize that the issues that we experienced were for the most part because of our absence of ability information that could help us adequately take a shot at the venture. I am hence very sure that this course will assume a critical job in helping me successfully use the specialized information and aptitudes that will make the administration procedures adequately put into utilization. It was in this way significant that I improve my abilities in both time the executives and hazard investigation. That separated, as an alumni, one should: Distinguish just as apply the basic critical thinking systems. Structure frameworks, parts, and procedures that is equipped for meeting the details that are required. Combine inventive or elective ideas, arrangements, and techniques. Apply different dynamic techniques so as to assess practical answers for maintainability, viability, and productivity. Actualize just as test arrangements and furthermore show various research abilities. In view of our course structure, it is reasonable for me to guarantee that I picked the fundamental subjects that will help me in the upgrade of both my long haul and transient objectives. Accordingly, I will likewise guarantee that I attempt important preparing that will empower me accomplish fundamental aptitudes in both hazard the executives and time the executives. This is on the grounds that they will empower me to viably distinguish various methodologies that will help in the recognizable proof of potential dangers. Time the executives will assist me with being at the ideal spot at the correct time constantly.

Science fiction film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Sci-fi film - Essay Example This is by and large and in the film. While examining the sci-fi film classification an issue happens. The differentiation between sci-fi and different types isn't in every case obvious. Numerous films range between the sci-fi kind and different classifications. Motion pictures, for example, The Ring (2002) or the Alien arrangement (1979, 1986, 1992, 1997) show how the qualification between sci-fi and thrillers can be dark. (Telotte, 2001) Some comedies, for example, Mars Attacks (1996) and Back to the Future (1985), are especially sci-fi. (Mitchell, 2001) In truth there is a case of a sci-fi film fitting into practically any sort. Starship Troopers (1997) matches a war film and Outland (1981) takes after a western in numerous regards. (Telotte, 2001) The qualities that characterize the sci-fi sort can be hard to nail down. A kind, for example, the western has effectively recognizable attributes, for example, cattle rustlers, weapons, the Wild West, and trouble makers with mustaches. The normal individual would experience no difficulty choosing a sci-fi film however when requested to concoct a definition, most would battle. In the wake of being presented to various sci-fi films individuals can perceive qualities and pieces of information that together to establish a social agreement of what a sci-fi film is. ... physical world with some sort of contort which addresses the inquiry imagine a scenario where. at the end of the day it manages unequivocal attributes and shows and more with social concerns. Sci-fi films give us a sample of what our lives would resemble if our innovative circumstance were extraordinary. (Newman, 1999) These mechanical changes could be a consequence of people taking an alternate way before or the present, advancing into the future or because of a visit by extraterrestrials. It might sound evident yet a sci-fi film is fiction. While sci-fi films manage genuine concerns they are completely anecdotal. The film Deep Impact (1998) plays on our dread of Armageddon. (Mitchell, 2001) While a space rock could strike earth and devastate humankind, it has not occurred. For the reasons for this exposition the meaning of sci-fi is a film that investigates the repercussions of a mechanical circumstance that contrasts from our present relationship with innovation. This definition i s satisfactory in portraying most of sci-fi films yet is as yet open to discuss. The primary distinctive component between the human brain and Artificial Intelligence is cognizance (Frantz, 2003). While the facts demonstrate that PCs are a long way from being completely absorbed to the human cerebrum, progresses in the field of Artificial Intelligence shed light on numerous highlights of the human brain that were already obscure and that is a solid pointer that there are incalculable similitudes between the two. The most evident difference is the cerebrum and brain in people contrasted with hard drive and programming in PCs. Mind is the substance liable for putting away data and executing the mechanical part of data handling while the hard drive conveying a similar capacity in

Maya Angelous Imagery in Poetry - Free Essay Example

Maya Angelous Imagery in Poetry Maya Angelou, author of the poems Still I Rise and Phenomenal Woman, was not only a well-known poet, but was also an autobiographer, songwriter, playwright, dancer, singer, director, and a civil rights activist among other professions. Born in 1928 as Marguerite Johnson in St. Louis, Missouri, Angelou had a tough childhood growing up, dealing with many difficulties that would later impact her works of literature. Angelou had a broad career but was famously known for her work I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1970) which depicts her early life (Wedin). However, that childhood trauma didnt stop her from finding strength and confidence to speak up about things that were important to her. Angelou was known to have written poems that depicted black beauty, the strength of women, and the human spirit; criticizing the Vietnam War; demanding social justice for all (Maya Angelou) among other things. In her later years, Angelou became a civil rights activist, fighting against social injustice and issues that affected many people. She performed an original poem for the presidential inauguration of Bill Clinton in 1993, On The Pulse of Morning (Wedin) that called for better future and greater things that can be accomplished together by everyone. In this clear social statement, Angelou showed her feeling towards social injustice of race, and gender. Phenomenal Woman and Still I Rise are prime examples of this. The poem Phenomenal Woman seeks to empower women, although they may not be the ideal woman in societys standards, they can still have confidence and strength in being themselves. On the other hand, the theme for Still I Rise is that no matter what anyone may do to the narrator, she will not be defeated but will rise against any oppression with confidence and self-respect. In both poems, Phenomenal Woman and Still I Rise, Angelou has inspirational themes to encourage others in their struggles. The quality of Maya Angelous poetry comes from imagery she uses to express confidence, self-empowerment, and streng th to overcome any obstacle. In Phenomenal Woman, Angelou uses imagery to empower women and explains that despite her not being societys image of beauty, she is not any less of a woman and keeps her head held high with confidence and power. Angelou starts the poem with Pretty women wonder where my secret lies./Im not cute or built to suit a fashion models size (Angelou 1-2), explaining that she is not societys standard of beauty. Many women can relate to this poem as societys standards of beauty increase and become more absurd. In each stanza Angelou uses imagery first to show her confidence and then to state what parts of her body shows her confidence and inner strength. In the second stanza as the narrator walks into a room just as cool as you please (Angelou 15) men start to stand and gather around her. Angelou uses imagery to describe the narrator, Its the fire in my eyes,/And the flash of my teeth,/ The swing in my waist,/And the joy in my feet. (Angelou 22-25). In this quote the image of a confident woman appears walking into a room proud and feeling good about who she is. The reader can then picture Angelous confidence and strength based on the images she uses. In this poem to womans beauty, the self-confident narrator reveals her attributes as a phenomenal woman (Bloom) playing on the dual meaning of phenomenal; physical and attitude-wise. The most memorable image in her poem occurs in the fourth stanza, I dont shout or jump about/ Or have to talk real loud./ when you see me passing,/ it ought to make you proud(Angelou 48-51). In this quote Angelou explains why she does not have her head bowed down; instead she is calm and confident in herself and does not need to attract the attention of others for people to look and wonder about her. Despites Angelous hard background, she does not lose her confidence and strength, knowing she has an inner beauty that cannot be seen or understood by other but herself. Angelou still hold her head high with self-respect and beauty despite all the obstacles society and men have put her way. In Still I Rise, Angelou uses imagery to depict the theme that no matter what happens nothing can bring her down and that she will rise against anything with confidence and self-respect. Angelou starts the poem with this quote, You may write me down in history/ with your bitter, twisted lies,/ you may trod me in the very dirt (Angelou 1-3), showing her confidence in rising despite what is done to her. As she continues, she asks the readers rhetorical questions that further her confidence and show just how she will not be defeated. The literary critic Jacqueline Thursby, in her article Critical Companion to Maya Angelou, states that the I of Black poetry is not a singular or individualistic referent but a symbol for the idea of a Black collective. Using this collective voice and imagery, Angelou reaches her readers and brings confidence even in an event of verbal or physical abuse and to continue even if this seems hopeless or not possible (Thursby).   The most memorable image in her poem occurs in the fourth stanza, Did you want to see me broken?/ Bowed head and lowered eyes? Shoulders falling down like teardrops,/ Weakened by my soulful cries?(Angelou 48-51). In this quote Angelou creates an image of someone defeated and asks her oppressors if this is image of her would be to their liking. Angelou paints the picture and adds the soulful cries that deepen this picture by adding an auditory layer so the audience can invoke an image and sound to this defeated scene. This powerful image is part of Angelous theme in not being defeated and that she will rise against her oppressors. Throughout the poem she is also mocking her oppressors into seeing how she cannot be defeat; this contributes to the theme of the poem, that nothing will break or bring her down and that continue with confidence and strength. This poem like Phenomenal Woman provides an inspirational emotion that can be appreciated by many though Still I Rise can relate to a broader audience both poems carry the important social messages that were important to Angelou. Angelou was not only a poet, but also an author, director, and a civil rights activist among other professions. She lived a harsh childhood and adulthood but despite this she became a beloved author finding strength and confidence to speak up about things that were important to her. She fought against social injustices affecting many people because of race or gender and called for a better future and for greater things that can be accomplished by everyone. Her poems Phenomenal Woman and Still I Rise are great examples of these social injustices and her stand on them. In Phenomenal Woman the poems theme is to empower women although they may not be the ideal woman in societys standards, they can still have confidence and strength in being themselves. On the other hand, the theme for Still I Rise is that no matter what anyone may do to the narrator, she will not be broken or brought down but will rise against all these obstacles with confidence and self-respect. In both poems Phenomenal Woman and Still I Rise, Angelou writes inspirational poems to encourage others in their struggles to find the strength and confidence to not be defeated.

Inherit The Wind Essay - 530 Words

In Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee’s tense drama, â€Å"Inherit the Wind†, three strong characters express powerful opinions: Bertrum Cates , Henry Drummond, and Mathew Harrison Brady. First, Bert Cates, the defendant, is charged with teaching â€Å"Darwinism† to his sophomore class . Second, Henry Drummond, the defense attorney for Cates, displays his beliefs of the right to think. third, Mathew Harrison Brady, the â€Å"big-shot† prosecuting attorney, illustrates his bigotry of creationism. To conclude, these three essential characters are fighting for their personal beliefs. Primarily, Bert Cates, a 10th grade teacher, struggles to obtain his right to have an open-mind, and encourages others to do so. The defendant, simply tries to teach a lesson†¦show more content†¦He clearly values this when he explains to the judge â€Å"I am trying to establish, Your Honor, that Howard - or Colonel Brady - or Charles Darwin - or anyone in this courtroom- or you, sir - has the right to think!†. Drummond feels strongly that the right to think is very much on trial and hopes that justice will be reached. In summary, Henry Drummond values deeply every human’s right to imagine or give credence to anything. In addition, Mathew Harrison Brady, the prosecution, gives a strong opposing viewpoint to the morality of the issue. He believes every word of the book of Genesis, and can not comprehend any other possibility to the beginning of life. As he is unusually testified, he states, â€Å"Everything in the Bible should be accepted, exactly as it is given there†. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This rules out any other likelihood that something similar to Darwinism could have ever been imagined. Ultimately, Brady keeps an open and shut opinion to anything germane to life, morality, or creationism. In conclusion, the play â€Å"Inherit the Wind† is strongly influenced by characters Bert Cates, Henry Drummond, and Mathew Harrison Brady. Bert Cates is first given the guts to stand up for what he believes in, and peruse it throughout all of its hardships. Second, Henry Drummond helps defend Cates, establishing the fact that he and everyone else has the right to think. Lastly, Mathew Harrison Brady, displays his opinion that there is only oneShow MoreRelatedThemes Symbols: Inherit The Wind Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pages Themes and Symbols: Inherit the Wind As probably the best courtroom dramas of the twentieth century, Inherit the Wind is based on the famous, Scopes Monkey Trial. The play was printed virtually thirty years afterward and takes original authority in varying the true-life elements of the court case. The central conflict of the play is based on the Scopes Monkey Trial itself. Several themes are presented throughout the play, for example when Brady argues for religious values while DrummondRead MoreEssay on Inherit the Wind (Scopes Trial)1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Inherit the Wind, was written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee to inform its readers about the injustice of a law that limited the freedom of an ordinary citizen. This play is based upon actual events that happened to an individual, John Scopes, in Dayton, Tennessee during the 1920s. This famous Monkey Trial not only allowed people to begin to accept new theories about the origin of man, but also showed that they did not have to limit themselves in o ther areas of life. In theRead MoreEssay on Inherit the wind (Scopes trial)1041 Words   |  5 Pages The play Inherit the Wind, was written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee to inform its readers about the injustice of a law that limited the freedom of an ordinary citizen. This play is based upon actual events that happened to an individual, John Scopes, in Dayton, Tennessee during the 1920’s. This famous â€Å"Monkey Trial† not only allowed people to begin to accept new theories about the origin of man, but also showed that they did not have to limit themselves in other areas of life. In the beginningRead MoreThe Film, Inherit The Wind, By The Scopes Monkey Trial1889 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper discusses how the film, Inherit The Wind, portrays the Scopes Monkey Trial. The film showed both sides of the argument fairly. It was conveying a message that a person should try to understand and respect each opinion when arguing their own side. Three evidentiary issues of the trial in the film will also be discussed. The three issues that are objected to in the film are an opinion question, hearsay, and relevance. The judge sustained all three objections, saying that they were inadmissibleRead MoreThe, Inherit The Wind, By Jerome Lawrence And Robert E. Lee1366 Words   |  6 Pagesto vote is ratified, and social norms are challenged. Those that could adapt to the changing times would flourish in post-war America, whereas those that could not depart from the yesteryear found themselves in the mercy of time. In the play, Inherit the Wind, by Jerome Lawrence and Rober t E. Lee, Matthew Brady and Clarence Drummond, two famous attorneys, go head to head in a heated litigation over the morality of the teaching of evolution. Evolution is a contested â€Å"new† theory at the time, and teachingRead MoreInherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee901 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most controversial plays of its time is hands down, Inherit the Wind. The main debate throughout the play is the debate between science and religion. A bit of a background for those that are naive to the topic in this time period to follow. Small towns such as Hillsboro were very prone to streamlined views in every possible topic of extremities such as religion to minor topics relative to eateries, gossip, and small town politics. Lawrence and Lee do an exceptional job representing andRead MoreReview of Inherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee1206 Words   |  5 Pages KEY LITERARY ELEMENTS SETTING The play takes place in Hillsboro. It is a small fictional town that is meant to resemble Dayton, Tennessee, where the Scopes trial was held in 1925. LIST OF CHARACTERS Major Characters Matthew Harrison Brady - a politician and lawyer. He is the prosecuting attorney for the state against Bertram Cates and a three-time presidential candidate. Henry Drummond - the lawyer for the defense. He is famous for taking the cases of unpopular clients. Rachel Brown - theRead MoreThemes Of Inherit The Wind923 Words   |  4 PagesInherit the Wind Inherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee is a fictionalized play on the Scopes Trial, formally known as the Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes. In July 21, 1925, a high school teacher was accused of violating the Butler Act. This act made it illegal to teach evolution in any state funded school. Although Scopes was unsure he taught evolution, he incriminated himself and was found guilty. The subject of the play reflects this event except Inherit the Wind holdsRead More Inherit The Wind Essay547 Words   |  3 Pages Inherit the Wind nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The main theme of Inherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee is taking a stand. The play begins in Hillsboro, Tennessee when a man named Bertram Cates breaks the law by teaching the forbidden Darwin’sRead More Inherit The Wind Essay729 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the play â€Å"Inherit the Wind† by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, the defense faces numerous societal injustices, which is why they never had a chance to win the case. One example of the town’s bias is presented through the town’s love for Matthew Harrison Brady. A second example is the extreme conformist and pious attitude of the town’s people. The last instance is the narrow-mindedness of the judge and the jury, which resulted in an unfair trial. In conclusion

The Religions Of Hinduism And Buddhism - 1587 Words

In today’s society, especially in the United States, there are many religions and beliefs practiced. While many individuals hold different beliefs, Mercadante (2014) questions whether or not Americans actually still believe in God? While he notes that data shows rates of rates of non-affiliated and non-attenders has risen dramatically since the 1950s,† such statistics can be misleading as people apply different meaning to the word God (Chapter 5). IN this paper, the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism will be further reviewed and the idea of whether or not their differences can be united under a hybridization of universal truths. Beginning with the religion of Hinduism, according to Ludwig (2006) Hindu traditions point in two possible directions for attaining what is referred to as â€Å"the ultimate† (p. 90). Since the time of the Upanishads, there has been a tradition of designating that which is the ultimate as â€Å"Brahman† (Ludwig, p. 91). The actual term refers to the sacred power that controls all things of this world. Brahman can also be known on two different levels – the formed and formless. The formed Brahman is what Hindus would refer to as the personal one while the formless would be regarded as aspects of the atmosphere such as the wind or mountains which would be considered impersonal (Ludwig, p.92). While many Hindus view Brahman as the ultimate reality, some follow the beliefs of Ramanuja, a philosopher whom connected â€Å"the theology of Vaishnavism and Shankara’sShow MoreRelatedBuddhism And Hinduism : Religion2033 Words   |  9 PagesThere are many religions in this world. Some followed by millions, and some followed by only hundreds, to those individuals who follow these religions, it can be the foundation for their entire life. Religion to most is what gets them out of bed in the morning. It is in their every decision, for example, some Christians ask themselves the question â€Å"What would Jesus do†, and this helps them in their daily decision making. Religion is a way of shaping and molding your life. As stated before, thereRead MoreThe Dharmic Religions of Hinduism and Buddhism1220 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough both Hinduism and Buddhism both Dharmic religions and originate from similar cultural backgrounds, their individual beliefs regarding death and the afterlife differentiate from one and other. Both religions believe in the concept of reincarnation, but the difference lies in the process in which someone is reincarnated and subsequently where the individual stops the process of reincarnation and reaches the desired e nd point of the seemingly endless cycle. In Hinduism the concept of lifeRead MoreComparing The Religions Of Hinduism And Buddhism Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesExam II #2. Compare and contrast the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. What were the essential differences between the two? What hope did they give to the common people of India ? Both Hinduism and Buddhism are prominent religions in the ancient and modern world. They are arguably two of the most popular polytheistic faiths as well. Most people make the mistake of grouping them as one uniform religion, but this is inaccurate. Buddhism and Hinduism do split some resemblance, but several aspectsRead MoreThe Religions Of Islam, Hinduism, And Buddhism1241 Words   |  5 Pages Religion and politics are quite interwoven into society both in the developed world as well as in the developing world. This paper will discuss the major religions of Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism and how these faiths connect to politics of nations. Islam has always been a very mixed within state and society as a whole, with no true line between church and state. Islam began in the Arabia by the Prophet Muhammad in the seventh century, and is the second largest religion in the worldRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, And Many Religions1067 Words   |  5 PagesReligion is a very intellectual topic in the world. There are so many different types of religions such as Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Islam, Jainism, and many more. So many people in this world believe in numerous different religions. Some believe in one god, and others believe in hundreds. Hinduism and Buddhism are popular religions that are practiced around the world. The world’s oldest religion is Hinduism, it is considered a way of life. The Indus valley is where Hinduism originatedRead MoreEastern Religions : A Discussion On Buddhism And Hinduism1608 Words   |  7 PagesEastern Religions: A Discussion on Buddhism and Hinduism Introduction: Hinduism is the â€Å"oldest organized religion† in the world (Chackal Hinduism 1). It began in the Indus Valley in 1500 BCE. There are four main braches of Hinduism: Shaivites, Vaishnavites, Shaktas, and Smarthas. Buddhism was born out of Hinduism in the fourth century BCE. There are two main types of Buddhism: Theravada and Mahayana. Haley: â€Å"Welcome to Eastern Religions: a show where we bring the facts of eastern religions to theRead MoreBuddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism And Monotheistic Religions1108 Words   |  5 PagesIn life, one will undertake a spiritual journey in which you will uncover the meaning of the self. Many religions, including Hinduism, Confucianism and monotheistic religions, have developed philosophies placing importance of the â€Å"self.† Emphasis on morality, virtues, honest contribute to the development of the inner self. In religions such as, Islam and Judaism the importance of conducts and worship will lead you to paradise in the after as promised by Allah or Yahweh. The teachings of proper behaviorRead MoreWorld Religions Comparative Essay : Hinduism And Buddhism1399 Words   |  6 PagesReba Khoshabe Mr. Lombardi HRT3M 18 November 2015 World Religions Comparative Essay: Hinduism and Buddhism Evidently, all of the religions in the world have different beliefs. Beliefs are the basis of one’s behaviour. Everything an individual does, traces back to the beliefs they have about the world. Hinduism and Buddhism are two religions that originated from the same nation, India. Both religions share beliefs on different paths to enlightenment, beliefs on reincarnation, and both believeRead MoreDifferent Religions : Yoruba, Hinduism ( Karma ) And Buddhism1711 Words   |  7 Pagesdiverse faith within our healthcare practices. This essay serves to compare these three different religious philosophies: Yoruba, Hinduism (karma) and Buddhism, to a Christian’s perspective. These religions have wide perspectives but one will key in on health management and what to expect from healthcare point of view while caring for these patients. Yoruba religion is based on nature worshipping and is rooted deeply on respect for the environment. Their divinities is called Ã’rà ¬sà  , when it workRead MoreEssay on Two Religions-Two Paths: Buddhism and Hinduism805 Words   |  4 PagesBuddhism and Hinduism-- the core area of both is Northern India and each spread through the Indian subcontinent, yet both did not seem to expand with the same radius. Buddhism flourished and spread across central and eastern Asia; whereas, Hinduism generally stayed close to home, in India. The question now becomes why. The main area where these religions emerged is referred to as ‘religion hearths’, and these religions originated where large civilizations also did in Mesopotamia, the Nile, and the

Joint Ventures in the ASEAN Countries

Questions: 1: Critical evaluation about the reason Starbucks became disenchanted with this strategy. 2: Critical evaluation on the strategic role played by the Human Resources Management of Starbucks during the process of internationalisation. 3: Licensing strategy. 4: In some markets such as Britain and Thailand, Starbucks has chosen to enter through wholly owned subsidiary. How different are these countries from Japan.? Answers: 1. Critical evaluation about the reason Starbucks became disenchanted with this strategy The Starbucks Company was established in the year 1971. The main head quarter of the company is in Washington in United States of America. The main founders of the Starbucks Company are Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker. But later Howard Schultz has acquired the company and has explored the company in the global market of coffee world. In the year 1971, the management of the company has decided to enlarge their department of selling their products. The management of the Starbucks coffee shop wanted to do their business globally. The administration of the Starbucks organization wants to earn more profit from their business. After deciding to do their business globally, the administration of the Starbucks coffee shop has opened 13,000 retail stores in United States of America. Later, the administration of the Starbucks Coffee Shop has opened over 3,750 retail shops in all over the world mainly in foreign countries (Ahn, 2014). The owner or the Chief Executive Officer of Starbu cks Coffee shop, Howard Schultz, went to Italy and observed that one of the Coffee shops in Italy was experiencing high business policy in all over the world and earning huge amounts of margins of profit from the market. From that state of mind, the owner of the Starbucks Company has got the idea of expansion of their business in all over the world. In the year 1995, there are only 700 retail stores of Starbucks in United States of America. But later in the year 1995, the owner of the Starbucks Company has decided to expand their business outside United States of America and then decided to expand their business policy in all over the world in the competitive market of selling roasted coffee and teas in the global market (Cho, 2014). The main objectives of the Starbucks Company is to earn huge amounts of margin of profit from the market by selling roasted coffee in the market and to provide better quality of coffees, various types of pastries, teas and other products from their reta il shop and also to provide better services to their customers in the market of selling roasted coffees. The administration of the Starbucks Coffee Company has targeted Japan first to expand their business in all over the world. The main problem faced by the administration of the organization is to get the license to trade in the market of Japan. The Government of Japan is not allowing the administration of the Starbucks Coffee shop to enter in the market of Japan to sell their products in the market (Cilento, 2013). But the owner of the Starbucks Coffee has decided to explore their business in Japanese market. After facing that problem, the management of the Starbucks Coffee shop has made a strategy to enter in the market of Japan. The administration of the company and the owner of the company have decided to establish a joint venture with the other retail shop in the Japanese market. But the retail shop in Japanese market do not wanted to make a joint ventures with the Starbucks Coffee Shop (Fan and Wolfstetter, 2011). After facing all the problems by the owner of the Starbucks Coffee Shop and the administration of the Starbucks Coffee Shop, they decided to implement a new strategy to make a joint ventures with the local retailer shop of Japanese market. Previously, the management of the Starbucks Company resisted their strategy of franchising with the other retail shop in United States of America (Fan and Wolfstetter, 2012). But in the current scenario, the management of the Starbucks Coffee Shop does not have any choices to resist their strategy of franchising with the other local retail shop in Japan. So they decided to make a joint venture with the other local retail shop in Japan. The management of the Starbuck Company has made a strategy to attract the other local retailers to make joint ventures with the Starbucks Company. The management of the organization has decided to issue 50 % stake in the ventures to the local retailer shop in Japan. The retail shop who will make a joint ventures with the Starbucks Company, they will receive 50 % stake in the ventures of Starbucks (Kashlak, 2013). The management of the Starbucks has invested around $ 10 million in issuing the ventures with the local retail shop. This makes the management of the Starbucks Company to get disenchanted as the 50 % of the profit margin has to be distributed among the Starbucks Company and the local retail shop. The management statistically observed that the company is not having any profit, if they share their profit margin with the local retail shop of Japan. 2: Critical evaluation on the strategic role played by the Human Resources Management of Starbucks during the process of internationalisation Human Resource Planning aims to ensure availability of talented resources whenever there is a need. People are the valuable assets for any company and the firms need to keep them motivated by providing them ample opportunity to grow with the organization and also rewarding them adequately for their efforts (Ball, 2013). A motivated workforce will not only take pride in working for the company, but they will also go an extra mile to reach the organizational goal effectively. Competition makes it all the more important to have skilled staff as they are the face of the company since customer meet them while availing the service. Maintaining skilled and dedicated workforce become all the more important for a company like Starbucks, as they not only sell coffee but they sell the Starbucks Experience to their consumers, which can be fulfilled only when the staff has the ability to deliver that experience to people (Cavusgil, Ghauri and Akcal, 2013). Starbucks have identified the importance of proving a great service coupled with a quality coffee to its consumer. They also know that their employees are a vital part of their growth plan; and they cannot go ahead without them. Also Starbucks wanted to provide the same experience to their consumers across the globe (Hill, 2013). Therefore, Starbucks put great attention on recruiting employees and they provide them with extensive training so that they are able to live up to the expectations for delivering the Starbucks Experience to the customers. To keep them motivated, Starbucks have followed ESOP (Employees Stock Option Program) compensation policy and provided them with good medical benefits. This incorporated the sense of ownership among employees and made their accounts tax free (Likhi and Sushil, 2013). Starbucks have always treated their employees as their partners and ensured to have a satisfied workforce across the globe. Starbucks have always maintained a work culture which is not only welcoming and genuine but it also keep their employees engaged and always try to improve their knowledge by providing them with training as and when need arises and they have always been considerate towards its employees need (Marti nez-Lo pez, 2014). It is because of this strategy, that they were able to boast their dedicated staff during the process of internationalization. Since they knew that their people are competent enough to provide the expected Starbucks Experience, they decided to send their skilled employees to Japan so that they will be able to provide same experience to their consumers in Japan too. The ultimate aim of Starbucks is to provide the best coffee house experience and best coffee to its consumers, wherever they operating. So to maintain this, they trained the Japanese staff in the same manner they trained their staff in US (Nolan, 2008). Also they provided to the employees stock option plan to their Japanese staff too as they have always believed in diversity and never discriminated among its employees. These enabled Starbucks to have a dedicated workforce in Japan also, who worked enthusiastically towards the fulfillment of the ultimate goals of the Starbucks. This strategy has helped Starbucks in many ways, such as, it helped them to create trust and confidence in the Japanese people for them and it also helped them to retain bes t talent and attract fresh talent on a regular basis. This has helped to grow their network of dedicated workforce and since they treat their employees as partners, Starbucks was able to create a positive image for themselves among consumers also (Noorderhaven, Sorge and Koen, 2015). They enjoy the warm and welcoming gestures by the staff in every store which enhances perceived the value for Starbucks coffee manifold among consumers. This strategy helped Starbuck to grow rapidly in Japan and they are still growing. The employees of Starbucks, not only in Japan, but across the globe are more than happy by being associated with them and take pride in being a Starbucks employee. Thus it can be concluded that Starbucks have identified the necessity of adopting flexible and progressive HR policies to be able to meet its objective in an effective and efficient manner which also give them as edge over its competitors. Thus we can say that the staffing approach adopted by Starbucks in Japan was at par with the overall corporate strategy of the company. 3: Licensing strategy There are three approaches adopted by Starbuck to internationalize their business. They are joint venture, licensing and wholly owned subsidiary. Each one of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is quite evident from the case study that Starbucks did want to have a fair amount of control on the operation of its international outlet (Paliwoda and Thomas, 2013). Licensing allows a company to use the trademarks, technical knowhow and patents and other rights of another company, in return of fees in the form of royalties. When a company license out their operations to another company, it increases the competition for the firm because the rival firm now knows the valuable secret of the licensing company (in this case, the other company will know about the secret formula and techniques used by Starbucks). Thus any licensing firm should try to diminish this unwanted competition that occurs due to licensing and they should try to reduce the scope of license as much as they can ( Sadiq, Soffer and Volzer, 2015). Also licensing do pose a risk of confidentiality issues, because when a company give license to another company to use its brand name, format and production process, there is a high risk of breach of confidentiality. Also licensing reduces the control on operations. It is for these reasons that Starbucks did not go for pure licensing and they limited the scope of competition arising due to licensing. It is clearly mention in the case study, that Starbucks did not wanted to give full control to Japanese for its operation and they wanted them to follow the format of Starbucks strictly. It is for this reason that they defined the strict design and layout parameters that every store needed to follow. Starbucks wanted to replicate the US format in Japan without any compromise on quality of their coffee as well in the customer service (Sherman, 2005). The aimed at providing superior customer service across the board. Starbucks started to enter into joint v entures because of various reasons. As stated above all the entry modes has its own pros and cons. As already discussed above, the issues that Starbucks was facing due to licensing. When a company enters into a joint venture, it allows a firm to have access to increased resources including the capital. It also allows the firm to access the new markets and the technical knowhow of the partner company, and also help them to learn new technologies. In a international joint venture agreement, the local partner gets the advantage to make efficient use of their existing distribution network and other resources and joint venture also allows the partners to share the risk and costs. Both together, can diversify into new product category using the strengths of both the companies, which will lead to improved productivity and increased profits. Joint ventures also allow both the firms to have a fair amount of control over the operations. Therefore, Starbucks started entering into joint venture s as opposed to pure licensing because they wanted to take all the above mentioned advantages. Joint ventures would ensure control of Starbucks over its international operations and they will be able to provide the same Starbucks Experience to all the consumers they serve across the globe. Starbucks have clearly laid out the strategy for its expansion and they are aware that in order to retain its consumers, they need to mesmerize their consumers to make them come again to Starbucks instead of going for some other coffee shop (Veilleux, Haskell and Pons, 2011). It is for all these reasons that Starbucks strategically planned the investment of $ 10 million in a joint venture with a local retailer in Japan and then licensed the Starbucks format to the venture. This way they have the required control over the operation and helped them to increase its market while creating a strong brand presence in Japan. Thus we can say that Starbucks have always made a strategically move to grow the company and its employees. 4: In some markets such as Britain and Thailand, Starbucks has chosen to enter through wholly owned subsidiary. How different are these countries from Japan After establishing the business of Starbucks Coffee Shop in the Japanese market, the management of the Starbucks Coffee Shop has decided to open their business in Britain and Thailand market. The organization has faced lots of problem in Japanese market to enter in the market of Japan. The management of Starbucks Company has decided not to open their business in the country where problem raised to enter in the market (Pastor and Sandon s, 2012). The management of the organization has decided not to go for joint ventures with the local retailing shop of targeted market in the foreign countries. This is because the management of the company has faced lots of problem by making joint venturing with the local retailing shop. The management of the firm has observed that the company is not earning huge amounts of profit from the market. This is because 50 % of the profit margin has to share with the joint ventures company of Starbucks in Japanese market (Starbucks turns coffee grinds and old muffins into laundry detergent, 2013). The administration of the company has decided not to share their profit margin to the other retail shop established in the targeted market of foreign market. That is why, the administration of organization has decided to do their business in Britain and in Thailand. The management of the Starbucks Coffee Shop has entered into the market of Great Britain and in Thailand market to sell their roasted coffees, coffees, teas, different types of pastries and other products. The administration of the company has decided to enter in the market of Great Britain and Thailand market because the administration of the company does not want to share the profit margins with any other companies (Swierczek and Dhakal, 2014). The owner of the Starbucks Coffee Shop has observed that if the profit margin is shared with the other companies then the administration of the Starbucks Coffee Shop has failed to generate revenues by selling their products like roasted coffees, coffees, teas, different types of pastries and other products in the market. The main difference of Japanese market and the market of Great Britain and Thailand is the Government of Great Britain and the Government of Thailand allows the outsider Company to enter in the market through wholly owned subsidiary (Pastor and Sandon s, 2012). So the management of the Starbucks Coffee Shop has decided that they can enter in the market of Great Britain and also in the Thailand market to sell their products like roasted coffees, coffees, teas, different types of pastries and other products in the market and can generate high revenues from the market for the funds of the retail shops established in the Great Britain market and Thailand market. The Government of Thailand and the Government of Great Britain can allow the outsiders to enter in the market in one condition. The conditions that both the Government has made is whenever an outsider retail shop tries to enter in the market, the management of the retail shop has to expand their retail shop in next five years. The Government of both the countries provides the license to the retail store to do their business but the administration of the retail shop should open at least 20 retail shops in the next five years. But one major problems in Great Britain and in Thailand is to generate funds. This is because the finance department of the banking sector of Thailand and Great Britain does not help the management of the retail stores to raise their funds. But the management of the Starbucks Coffee Shop knows that the company can earn high profit margins from the market and later in the year 2000, the management of the Starbucks Coffee Shop acquired many local coffee shops in th e market of Thailand and Great Britain to expand their retail shops in the market of Great Britain and Thailand market. For example The administration of the Starbucks Coffee Shop has acquired one local coffee retail shops in Thailand for around $ 12 million (Zhang, 2011). And later in the year 2007, the management of the Starbucks Coffee Shop has expanded their stores in the Thailand market and acquired around 103 stores in the market of Thailand. Reference List: Ahn, D. (2014). Joint ventures in the ASEAN countries. Intereconomics, 15(4), pp.193-198. Cho, M. (2014). Segmentation of Coffee Shop Customers based on Organic Coffee Choice Motives. Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life, 24(6). Cilento, M. (2013). Joint ventures in Eastern European countries: A survey of legislation. MOCT-MOST Economic Policy in Transitional Economies, 3(1), pp.151-161. Fan, C. and Wolfstetter, E. (2011). Research Joint Ventures, Optimal Licensing, and the RD Subsidy Policy. The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, 8(1). Fan, C. and Wolfstetter, E. (2012). Research Joint Ventures, Optimal Licensing, and RD Subsidy Policy. SSRN Journal. Kashlak, R. (2013). Establishing financial targets for joint ventures in emerging countries. Journal of International Management, 4(3), pp.241-258. Pastor, M. and Sandon s, J. (2012). Research joint ventures vs. cross licensing agreements: an agency approach. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 20(2), pp.215-249. Pastor, M. and Sandon s, J. (2012). Research joint ventures vs. cross licensing agreements: an agency approach. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 20(2), pp.215-249. Starbucks turns coffee grinds and old muffins into laundry detergent. (2013). Focus on Surfactants, 2013(3), p.3. Swierczek, F. and Dhakal, G. (2014). Learning and its impact on the performance of manufacturing joint ventures in developing countries. Technovation, 24(1), pp.53-62. Zhang, X. (2011). Communicating Coffee Culture through the Big Screen: Starbucks in American Movies. Comparative American Studies, 9(1), pp.68-84. Ball, D. (2013).International business. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Cavusgil, S., Ghauri, P. and Akcal, A. (2013).Doing business in emerging markets. London: SAGE Publications Inc. Hill, C. (2012).International business. Likhi, D. and Sushil, N. (2013). Building international strategic alliance capability: a case research-based insights.International Journal of Business Performance Management, 14(4), p.341. Marti nez-Lo pez, F. (2013).Handbook of strategic e-business management. Nolan, S. (2008). Realizing efficiencies through HR policies and practices.Strategic HR Review, 7(2). Noorderhaven, N., Sorge, A. and Koen, C. (2015).Comparative International Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Paliwoda, S. and Thomas, M. (2013).International Marketing. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Sadiq, S., Soffer, P. and Volzer, H. (2014.).Business process management. Sherman, H. (2015). Starbucks: Brewing a New Song.The CASE Journal, 2(1), pp.103-103. Veilleux, S., Haskell, N. and Pons, F. (2011). Influence of entry modes on communication strategies of international new ventures in foreign markets: a preliminary study.IJBG, 6(2), p.117.

The Influence of Social Status on Individuals Assessment and Self

Abstract People are perceived to be smarter or more knowledgeable depending on their positions or their roles in society. Social status does not only influence the way powerful individuals are assessed but it also has an impact on individuals’ self-assessment and the choice of behavioral patterns which can be the reason why they are perceived more knowledgeable.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Influence of Social Status on Individuals’ Assessment and Self-Assessment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In terms of the present research it was conducted a quiz game which required the role of a questioner and that of the answerer thus the target of evaluation became â€Å"self† versus â€Å"partner†. Results indicate that the roles in the Quiz-Game affected how observers judged the questioner and answerer. We also saw that role did have an effect of how the questioner and answere r viewed themselves. Powerful individuals act more situation-consistent not only in terms of researches but in the real life as well, which can be either beneficial or harmful for the development of overall society. Introduction People are perceived to be smarter or more knowledgeable depending on their positions or their roles in society. Additionally how we perceive ourselves when compared to others on same level of role with ourselves as equal or less knowledge to someone similar to ourselves, I basically agree with their research that we are perceived according to our role that we play in society so this is what my research is about it can also be referred to as (FAE) fundamental attribution error and related article as supported in social psychology. Admittedly, more powerful people act in a different way and reveal more variable reactions to various situations which can be the reason why they are perceived more knowledgeable. Thus, Guinote (2008) reported that powerful individ uals tended to act differently in accordance with different situations. The survey’s findings also suggest that powerful individuals change their behavioral patterns across various situations more as compared to powerless individuals. Due to such situation-consistency powerful individuals are regarded as more experienced and more knowledgeable. Notably, this perception is often generalized since powerful individuals are not assessed by their past behavior or performance, instead they are perceived as knowledgeable due to their social status. Social status does not only influence the way powerful individuals are assessed but it also has an impact on individuals’ self-assessment and the choice of behavioral patterns. For instance, according to Lammers and Stapel (2009) having power influences the way individuals try to solve moral dilemmas.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Lea rn More Lammers and Stapel (2009) found that more powerful individuals tended to concentrate on rules and principles, whereas less powerful individuals focused on the consequences. It is worth mentioning that in situations when decisions based on principles and rules threatened participants’ self-interest, more powerful individuals tended to solve the problem concentrating on the consequences. Thus, individuals’ status is a very important (if not essential) factor which influences their behavior. Notably, not only other people regard powerful people as more knowledgeable, but powerful individuals assess themselves likewise. Such self-assessment makes powerful individuals act in accordance with their self-interest and in terms of conventional rules. Nevertheless, sometimes this peculiarity of people’s assessment can be harmful, since some more powerful people can use their position in to reach their own aims. Cooper (2002) reports that police officers who are m ore powerful individuals do not always try to help less powerful individuals. Instead these more powerful individuals make use of their position, and their decisions often regarded as correct due to the assessment that more powerful people are more knowledgeable. Admittedly, powerful individuals are regarded as more knowledgeable and due to this perception they are often in more favorable position than less powerful individuals. Ross et al. (1977) considered the correlation between social status and individuals’ assessment. According to Ross et al. (1977) powerful individuals are perceived as more knowledgeable on the basis of their status. Moreover, powerful people are aware of their favorable position and often use it to â€Å"inappropriately deem members of their own caste well-suited to their particular leadership tasks† (Ross et al., 1977, p.494). It is necessary to point out that despite the considerable amount of surveys on the correlation between status and ind ividual perception, the problem needs further research. Discussion In psychology attribute biases are ubiquitous, to some extent they are referred to contemporary social psychology’s bedrock. The attribution biases lead us to underrating the significance of unresponsive, situational factors over the responsive human factors. Ross et al (1977) indicates that when making correct social judgments, self-presentation benefits and limitations should be adequately recognized on performers of social roles. Experimentation used to examine social insight in an encounter where a participant made hard questions that were based on general knowledge while another participant attempted to solve the exact questions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Influence of Social Status on Individuals’ Assessment and Self-Assessment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Findings showed that perceivers do not give adequ ate allowance and leave a biasing effect on the â€Å"interviewer† and the â€Å"interviewee.† When judging the both of the participants the questioners gave an allowance to demonstrate esoteric knowledge that they exhibit in composing the questions. They were always recognized as superior to the ones answering their questions. Interpersonal encounters present adequate knowledge on social judgments and when evaluating oneself. Personal performances on such occasion fortified by the social roles each individual partakes. There are notable biased effects upon performance. In regard to the quiz game the specific empirical demonstration deals with the roles of the â€Å"questioner† and the â€Å"answerer† it also entails the bias discernment of the general knowledge that lead to random task, it purposes to fulfill the roles of the quiz game. Ross et al (1977) the tasks participated by the questioner is to compose a list of general knowledge quiz and then give them to the answerer contestant. The two participants and a couple of observers are present in the whole process. The role of the observers is to assess the contestants’ general knowledge in the whole exercise. Great emphasis is put on the role conferred, in general knowledge the advantages and the disadvantages of self-presentation in quiz game. Their role of these advantages and setbacks are neither understated nor concealed. The present research also proves that social status does influence individuals’ assessment. In the first place, individuals who were put in more favorable position, i.e. the position of the questioner who had the questions and the answers at hand, were regarded by observers as more powerful, i.e. more knowledgeable. Notably, the observers were likely to think that the questioners were more knowledgeable largely concentrating on the superior status of the more powerful individuals. It goes without saying that questioners did not have to reveal t he scope of their knowledge to prove their level, they only asked questions. It follows that the observers did not have the real opportunity to assess the level of the questioners’ knowledge, but they still evaluated the questioners as more knowledgeable. The observers assessed the questioners focusing on their social status and behavior, not on their exact knowledge. What the observers did see was that the questioners were confident enough and could correct the answerer if the latter was not right. The observers did not take into account that the questioners simply had the answers written in their papers which made them more knowledgeable. It is necessary to point out that many questioners could fail to answer the questions if they were in the position of answerers. Apparently, the observers did not pay much attention to that fact. It is possible to assume that the observers based their judgments on their previous experience: those who ask questions are, as a rule, more powe rful and more knowledgeable. This kind of generalization works in the particular case of the quiz game.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from this stereotypes which had impact on the observers’ assessment, influenced questioners and answerers’ self-assessment as well. It is important to state that not only observers but questioners and answerers shared the viewpoints about more and less powerful positions. Admittedly, individuals who found themselves in superior position (even if they occupied the position at random) felt more confident and that is why they did produce the impression of being more knowledgeable. At the same time, answerers felt that they were in less favorable position. They could even feel a bit subordinate to questioners. The answerers were not very confident since they did not have the right answers at hand. The answerers did not feel that confident and could be even a bit nervous since they wanted to give the correct answers. It goes without saying that the answerers considered themselves to be less knowledgeable. This is supported by the present research findings. The answere rs’ self-assessment was also based on stereotypes to great extent. It is important to note that self-assessment influenced the participants’ behavior. Thus, questioners were confident and enjoyed their being regarded as powerful and more knowledgeable, the answerers were regarded as less knowledgeable and shared this opinion. It is possible to state that self-assessment influenced the participants’ behavior which contributed to creation of certain evaluation by observers. Reportedly, the peculiarities of individuals’ assessment and self-assessment can be revealed not only during some surveys but in the real life. Admittedly, people tend to regard people who are in more powerful position as more knowledgeable due to their social status. Initially people judge other individuals in terms of their social status and only after this some personal features and behavior is taken into account. It goes without saying that individuals’ self-assessment id depe ndant on their social status. More powerful individuals are more confident and can often make use of their position, whereas less powerful individuals may often feel subordinate to the former. Moreover, in the real life less powerful individuals tend to rely on more powerful people. Reportedly, powerful individuals act more situation-consistent not only in terms of researches but in the real life as well, which is beneficial for the development of overall society since powerful people are thought to be bound to help powerless individuals. For instance, McWilliams (1993) revealed a very useful trend when powerful individuals were called for being responsible for powerless individuals, children in particular. Admittedly, it is believed that powerful individuals being more knowledgeable and experienced can and should solve difficult issues. Fortunately, powerful people share such opinion and tend to take control of various situations which in its turn contributes to their image of powe rful individuals. Thus, the society admits that people occupying powerful position (like lawyers or officials) should take care of less powerful people due to the fact that they are more knowledgeable and, of course, they are able to implement the necessary changes in the society. In this case the peculiarities of individuals’ assessment can lead (and do lead) to many improvements the society. On the one hand, such tendency when more powerful people take control of numerous situations is quite favorable, since the higher position is used to develop the society. Nevertheless, sometimes powerful individuals may use their position in some inappropriate way. First of all, they can use their position to achieve some personal goals which can have negative consequences for others. This kind of situation can worsen since less powerful people tend to accept more powerful individuals’ decisions. On the other hand, individuals who are in more favorable, i.e. powerful, position ar e not necessarily more knowledgeable and experienced as other people can think. Thus, many decisions may be erroneous due to the fact that in reality more powerful individuals lack the necessary knowledge or experience. Again this can lead to some undesirable effects since less powerful individuals who may really know the right solution will not be listened to because of the lack of authority or even will not express their opinion since they regard themselves as subordinates. This kind of situation is illustrated by the present research when questioners were regarded as more knowledgeable due to their position, though in reality they could know less than the answerers. Conclusion In conclusion, it is possible to state that the present research proves that individuals’ assessment is to great extent based on the social position occupied by people assessed. Moreover, the social status also influences individuals’ self-assessment and their behavior. Thus, the questioners i n the Quiz-Game were regarded as more knowledgeable basing on their superior position. The self-assessment was very much alike: questioners and answerers regarded themselves as less knowledgeable. Admittedly, the same assessment patterns are found in the real life where people occupying higher social positions are considered to be more powerful, knowledgeable and experienced. Such peculiarity of people’s perception can have both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, the society promulgates the authority of powerful people and makes them responsible for less powerful individuals. Powerful individuals share this opinion and are ready to implement the necessary changes and to make the necessary decisions. On the other hand, some powerful individuals may use their position to reach their personal aims which can have negative effects for others. Moreover, not all powerful people are that knowledgeable as they are considered to be so they can often make erroneous decision s which will be brought to life due to their high position. In this case the entire society can be threatened by the authority of people who in reality are not worth their positions. Thus, it is yet to find out whether the psychological peculiarity of people assessing other individuals on the basis of their social status is beneficial or ruinous for the society. It can be also helpful to research whether individuals’ assessment and self-assessment can be changed and how. References Cooper, S. (2002). A Closer Look at Racial Profiling. Foundation for American Communications. Web. Guinote, A. (2008). Power and Affordances: When the Situation Has More Power Over Powerful Than Powerless Individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(2), 237-252. Lammers, J. and Stapel, D.A. (2009). How Power Influences Moral Thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(2), 279-289. McWilliams, J.M. (1993, February). Standing Up for the Powerless. ABA Journal, 8. Ross. L., Amabile, T.M., and Steinmetz, J. (1977). Social Roles, Social Control, and Biases in Social-Perception Processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(7), 485-494. Ross, L. (1977). The Intuitive Psychologist and His Shortcomings: Distortions in the Attribution Process. New York: Academic Press. This research paper on The Influence of Social Status on Individuals’ Assessment and Self-Assessment was written and submitted by user Dam0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Drums Along the Mohawk essays

Drums Along the Mohawk essays Type of literary work: Historical Novel The theme of this novel is the willpower to achieve one's goal, or in this case, the American dream. The characters are very strong and show a lot of fortitude in accomplishing their goals. They go through very tough and adverse times, but they refuse to accept defeat. These are the foundations upon which America was built. No matter what happens they continue to fight for their natural, God-given, rights, as defined in the Constitution. Through hardships of their own, they hope to earn their land, houses, animals, and their material possessions necessary to live their lives. They do this in order to make life easier and more beautiful for themselves and their children. Lana and Gil are good examples of this theme. When they are first married, they have nothing but a cow, a few pieces of furniture, a peacock feather, which symbolizes the entity of this dream. This is all eventually lost in the war, but by the end of the novel, Gil is farming on his own land, has built a new house, and owns a yoke of oxen. Lana has her two boys, a baby daughter, and she later reclaims her feather. They are both now satisfied with the lives they are living, and Lana goes on to say,We?ve got this place?We?ve got the children?We?ve got each other. Nobody can take those things away. Not any more.? This is the statement that provides which they have accomplished their goals, and it finalizes their contentment. The novel is set in the eighteenth century during the time of the Revolutionary War. Such characters live in a very hostile environment. Instead of focussing on the huge impact of the war, the author shows how the times affected the farmers and residents of the Mohawk Valley in upstate New York. This is where the novel takes place. There are constant invasions, which devastate the residents of the valley. They are very detrimental to the attempts made at farming. It is hard for the set...

Political Research Methods- Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Methods- - Research Paper Example The exception these proportions of parity in the social resources literature are uncharacteristic. It is evident that countries that score highly on social trust also happen to score highly on economic equality, for example Canada and the Dutch. The case of escalating social trust by sinking inequality has for the most part been overlooked in strategy debates on social trust. The strategy implication that is depicted from the research is that the low down levels of trust and social resources that affect many countries are brought about by little or no government act to lessen inequality. Many countries with low levels of public trust and social resources ultimately find themselves in a situation we call a â€Å"social trap.† Public trust would not rise since immense public inequality reins, but the public strategies that could cure this state of affairs cannot be recognized specifically since there is a real need for trust. This state of affairs concerns both the citizens and the government. Introduction. There exists a great deal of evidence throughout the world that proves income inequality is extreme and ever increasing. It is reported that income inequality has grown in the United States of America than in any other place in the world. Poverty and inequality are closely linked to one another as logical issue and also as a strategy matter, it leads to strict limitations in trying to deal with shortage or even with economic safety devoid of also probing income discrimination. Literature review. Inequality and its perception by the average person is a deadly element of today’s American society since it is related to low levels of trust, as well as a horde of other public challenges. Key terms; Income, inequality and trust. In the 19th century, equality conditions were exceedingly praised and advocated for by Alexis de Tocqueville as he considered them an immense platform for democracy to thrive on. Inequality levels have risen and have remained a t those levels for the better part of the last five decades. This research outlines a self-sufficient assessment based on facts shown in the articles; â€Å"The Spirit Level by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett† and â€Å"A Trust Deficit; Look to the Inequality by Ray Brescia.† The literature review has mirrored the following fundamentals: 1) Consequences of income inequality on contentment significantly depend on the apparent income distribution in a country. Income inequality tends to be absolutely linked to reported well-being as people tend to believe that they will sooner or later reach a higher income. The contrary is witnessed in low income distributing countries because in those countries people tend to believe that it is impracticable to reach high levels of income. 2) Studies of the detrimental consequence of income inequality on health are more often than not decisive. This shows that there is still not a widely acknowledged justification for explaining why income inequality ought to impact on health. Studies tend to put forward that the situation is vice versa, from health condition to income inequality. 3) The connection between income inequality and educational realization might go in both directions. Rising inequality ought to promote funds through improved proceeds while on the other hand, it may thwart these funds for the people at the bottom of the income distribution channel. As regards the second method, the studies suggest a reserved outcome or no outcome of income

Theories of causation of crime Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theories of causation of crime - Term Paper Example According to this theory, people engage to crime to avoid or end harassment from their friends. In other instances, they may steal so that they can end or reduce financial problems that make them feel embarrassed. In another dimension, such people may commit crime as a way of revenging against those who have done them wrong. Engagement in illegal drug use is also a way of making them feel better especially when they engage in criminal activities. According to Vito & Maahs (2012), different challenges have been found to cause individuals from committing crime. Poor families have different challenges that make them feel disadvantaged in life. Due to lack of finances, poor families end up having different health problems since they cannot afford medication. In some of the developing countries, poor families suffer from malnutrition and other dietary related diseases. Such diseases are preventable especially when people have good meals, but this is different when it comes to people from poor background. They find it difficult to have three meals in a day. In this regard, people from such families try to find ways of placing meals on their tables. Since very little means are available to do so, they end up engaging in criminal activities such as stealing. They may feel that their supremacy is on the ability to steal from rich people. They mostly blame the forces of nature for their misfortunes and believe that since life is all about survival for the fittest, their ability to steal is their strength and they count is as their own adventure or as a means of earning a living. However, Kelso (1994) noted that such people develop a culture of stealing and find it difficult to engage in positive work to make money. They do not engage in any positive development activity as long as they believe they can survive by stealing. Studies have documented that people from poor backgrounds have little

Influence of Advertisement on Brand Preference Essay Example for Free

Influence of Advertisement on Brand Preference Essay Vithya Vivekananthan, Faculty of Commerce and Management, Eastern University, Vantharumoolai, Sri Lanka [emailprotected] com ABSTRACT Measuring the influence of Advertisement in Consumer Brand Preference is very essential for every marketer. If advertisement does not create any positive change in consumers’ brand preference, all the resources such as money, time and efforts spent on advertisement will go in vain. Most of the marketers use Advertisement as a tool to attract substantially new customers and to retain the existing customers. This research studies about the â€Å"Influence of Advertisement in Consumer Brand Preference in the Soft Drink Market†, which is one of the most competitive markets in Batticaloa. Every Brand in this market use Advertisement as a major weapon to overcome the fierce Competition. There are numerous Advertisements of different Soft drink brands exposed in Television. But, the main thing here is, the marketer want to identify that, do all these advertisements positively influencing the consumers’ brand preference. In order to study the influence of Advertisement in Consumer Brand Preference, three main variables are considered with appropriate dimensions. They are; Information, Communication and Comprehension. The structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 200 respondents. The study found that all three variables indicate high influence of Advertisement in consumer brand preference. Even though it has high influence in overall view, the advertiser wants to consider the indicators, which have low and moderate influence in their future developments of the Advertisements to maintain its position in the market in the long-run. Eventually, this study recommends some actions for improving the influence of Advertisement in consumer brand preference. 2 Introduction The importance of sales on business survival and the connection between customers and sales, it is expedient for organizations to engage in programmes that can influence consumers’ decision to purchase its products. This is where advertising and brand management are relevant. Advertising is a subset of promotion mix which is one of the Four ’P’s in the marketing mix i. e. product, price, place and promotion. As a promotional strategy, advertising serve as a major tool in creating product awareness and condition the mind of a potential consumer to take eventual purchase decision. Marketers’ survival depends on consumer satisfaction. Consumer satisfaction depends on their perception and brand preference of the particular brand. In brand preference, advertising plays a major role. Nearly everyone in the modern world influence to some degree by advertising. Organizations in both public and private sectors have learned that the ability to communicate effectively and efficiently with their target audiences is important to their success. In today’s world, there are a myriad of media outlets-print, radio, and television are competing for consumers’ attention. There are number of creative and attractive advertisements we can see and hear in television, Radio, newspapers and in magazines. Within these media, television advertisements are more attractive and interestingly watched by mass audience. It has often been said that television is the ideal advertising medium where the consumer spends the most attentive time. However, the main thing here is, the marketer want to identify the influence of advertising in consumers brand preference. Nowadays soft drinks have become essential part in lifestyle of the people in the society. There are number of soft drink brands are available in the market. In those brands, some brands are very famous not only in Sri Lanka but also globally. For the research purpose Coca-cola, Fanta, Elephant, and Ole are selected. These are the most preferred brand of the consumers in Sri Lanka. For these brands, different advertisements are available in Television. Some brands’ advertisements are more attractive than others are and some are new creative advertisements. There is no any television advertisement regarding Pepsi during the research period. Therefore, Pepsi was not take into consideration. 3 It is very hard to find people who never consume any brand of soft drink. Everyone in the society prefers a particular brand. We can see frequent advertisements for Soft drinks in Television. Companies spend much on their advertisements to attract more customers. So it is very important to study its’ influence in consumer brand preference. Problem statement There are numerous advertisements in Medias; television, radio, newspapers and magazines but, the important question for a marketer is â€Å"do all these advertisements positively influence the consumers’ brand preference? If advertisement is not create any positive change in consumers’ brand preference, all the resources such as money, time and efforts spent on advertisement will go in vain.

Gatsby Summary :: essays papers

Gatsby Summary Jay Gatsby is one of the most interesting and memorable males in fictional literature, even though he is not a dynamic and changing character during the novel. In fact, Jay Gatsby has changed little since he was a teenager. Born as James Gatz to poor farmers in North Dakota, he decided at an early age that he wanted more out of life than North Dakota could offer. He leaves home to find excitement and wealth. While lounging on the beach one day, he sees a yacht docked off the coast. He borrows a boat and rows out to introduce himself to the owner of the yacht. Dan Cody is an extremely wealthy and wildly extravagant man. He takes a liking to young James Gatz and offers him a job. When the boy boards the boat to become Cody's assistant and protector, he leaves behind the identity of James Gatz forever; the rest of his life he will be known as Jay Gatsby, an incurable and idealistic romantic who fills his life with dreams. After Cody dies, Gatsby joins the army and is stationed in Louisville, Kentucky, where he meets and falls in love with Daisy Fay, the most popular and wealthy young lady in town. She is also attracted to him and even thinks about marrying him and running away, but her parents stop her plans. When Gatsby is sent to Europe to fight the war, Daisy is faithful to him for a short while. She soon, however, tires of waiting for Gatsby and marries Tom Buchanan. When Gatsby receives her final letter, explaining her plans, he is crushed; he vows he will dedicate the rest of his life to winning Daisy back for himself. He is sure that if he amasses a large enough fortune, he will be able to manipulate time, erasing Daisy's marriage and fixing her future with him. Gatsby comes to the East Coast and makes a fortune in bootlegging and other questionable business activities due to the help of characters such as Meyer Wolfsheim. He buys an ostentatious mansion on West Egg, in order to be directly across the bay from Daisy Buchanan. He gives his wild, extravagant parties and drives his flashy automobiles in hopes of attracting Daisy's attention. She has become his reason for being - his holy grail.

Marketing environments

The aim of this lecture is: To describe important role of Marketing Environment. To differentiate between Macro and Micro Environments. To assess the impact of Marketing Environment on Marketing Practices. To describe various method/Model of Marketing Environment Scanning. Background Information Marketing cannot be practiced in a vacuum; as a business function is affected by various factors or elements within the business environments.According to Lancaster and Massingham (1993), a company's marketing environment consists of the factors and forces that affect the companys ability to develop and maintain uccessful transaction with its targeted customers. Business environments are dynamic and it requires enough attention to ensure that the environment are monitored and does not bring miserable effects to the organization. What is Marketing Environment? Marketing Environment can be described as those factors or elements which are surrounding marketing activities and usually affect the d ecisions and activities of marketing negatively or positively.It consists of both controllable and uncontrollable factors which determine the success or failure of the organization. The controllable actors refer to those elements which can be managed and monitored by the organization in order to ensure they bring positive impact rather than negative impact. On the other side, uncontrollable factors are those factors which an organization has no direct control on them. It is very difficult and sometimes is not possible to control them.The only way that can be done by the organization is to use its internal efforts to reduce the impact of them to the organization activities. Furthermore, uncontrollable factors are usually classified into two groups: one is Macro-environment and the other is Micro-environment. Macro-environment These are external factors which cover the wide range of economic and business activities; its impact goes too far beyond the control of the organization or soc iety as a whole.Macro environment consists of the following elements or factors: Political Factors, Legal and Regulatory Forces, Social-cultural factors, Economic Factors, Technological Factors, Demographic factors Political Factors; political institutions and politicians are responsible for formulating and enforcing various laws and regulations which in one way or another affects the business operations. Furthermore, political forces are responsible for making and adopting various policies (International and local policies), they are responsible for entering into various agreements and contracts which affects marketing activities. ? Legal and Regulatory Forces; various laws and regulations are formulated by various institutional boards and might affect business in one way or another. For example, laws relating to tax, business registration, policy formulation etc. Socio-cultural Factors; the success ot any business depends on now i t takes care about culture and other social aspect s of the societies. Therefore, any action to ignore the culture and life style of the society surrounding the organization marks the failure of the organization. Economic Factors; the impact of economic factors in business and marketing in particular is very significant.The elements such as inflation, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, economic crisis etc have significant impact to the marketing activities. Technology Factors; marketing activities depends much on technology. A means to produce, distribute, promote etc are much affected with the technology in use. That is to say, the intensity of marketing activities reflects the level f technology which the organization use. Demographic Factors; from demographic structure is where customers, consumers, labors, etc are obtained. Thus, the population structure determines the success of the organization.The failure of the organization to analyze demographic structure properly affects the organization performance. Micro-environment This is an external factor which affects the performance of the organization to serve its market effectively. It is an immediate factor which touches the organization activities or functions very close compared to Macro-environment. This includes actors such as: Bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of consumers, Threat of entry of competitors, Competition from substitutes, and competition between firms.Sometimes it is known as Michael Porter's Five Forces Framework. Porter, (1980) argues that industry profitability depends upon industry structure and on the above mentioned factors. Bargaining power of suppliers Suppliers are important partners in a business. They provide resources required for the production of goods and services. However, Suppliers have a substantial significant to the marketing functions and business operations as a whole. The ailure to accommodate the pressure of supplier will bring a great impact to organization products and services prices.For examp le when the price of supplies increases it is obvious that, the price of the final products will also be higher in order to cover operations and productions cost. Bargaining power of consumers Consumers of the company products or services are important partners in a business. However, consumers have both negative and positive impact to the organization. The pressure of consumers to obtain products or services at a low price without considering the cost of the production it usually affects the organization ellbeing.Thus, the organization must work hard to see how the pressure from consumers can be accommodated without affecting the organization operations. Threat of entry of competitors In modern business environment competition is a normal and unavoidable situation. The available opportunities for competitors to enter within the market usually become a threat for the organization success. A door for competitors to enter signifies that, the market share should be divided according to the number of the organizations within the market. Furthermore, the presence of competitors can be reflected in a profit generation.This being the fact, the organization should work hard to compete and not escaping from competition which it is not possible anyway. Competition from substitutes The presence ot competitors or other business partners gives a door ot having substitute goods and services. The substitute goods or services refers to those goods or services which offers similar functions, satisfactions, etc. The availability of substitute goods and products forced the organization to highlight the way forward to compete against those substitutes. Competition between rivalry firm Within the industry, various firms are operating.For example, in the Communication Industry, there are a number of firms which includes firms such as Vodacom, TTCL, TiGO, Airtel etc. In such environment there is a stiff competition between these firms, in which each firm is trying to compete in orde r to acquire a large portion of a market share. Thus, it is very hard to manage this environment. A firm needs to work hard in analyzing the intensity of competition so as to adopt the relevant strategies for such a challenge. Internal Environments (Controllable factors) These are factors within the organization; they have direct impact to the organization performance.However, these factors are within the organization controlling capacity, which means the organization has the ability to monitor its impact and to regulate its trends. These factors include among others, the following important factors: R & D factor, production and operation management factor, financial factor, Human Resources and management factor and marketing factor. R & D factor; this is an important factor which can be used to improve the organization performance by adding new idea, technology, products and services through research and development.Production and operation management factor; the organization readi ness to adopt dvanced and recent methods of production and operation can be said as the most important decision to control the organization performance. The production and other operation methods are changing rapidly, thus, the organization needs to take quick decision to cope with these changes. Financial Factor; the management of financial assets is very important and must be taken carefully. In ability of the firm to manage its financial assets it is a disaster to that particular organization.It creates the light way for its failure while this could be avoided if the organization could have taken serious measures earlier. Human resources and management; people are very important resources for the organization performance. Human resources should be handled in a due care in order to create a situation of offering consistency efforts to the organization productions and operations activities. Marketing factor; in order to ensure marketing as a unit or department within the organizati on it offers valuable contribution and there must be a close supervision of all activities done within this unit.Any disregards to this important component of business operations create a smooth way for the failure of a particular organization. Environmental Scanning and Analysis Atter the organization has identified the above described tactors (Macro and Micro), the next important stage is to analyze in deep the impact of each factor on the organization operations. The big challenge which is facing business owners and business decision makers nowadays is how to deal with environment uncertainty.Now, environmental scanning and analysis is used to assist business analyst to study environment in deep and formulating appropriate strategies to cope with business changes. For examples, from strategic marketing point of view, in formulating arketing plan, two issues must be considered, first; organization capabilities in term of resources, second; the demands of environment which the orga nization operates. Therefore, there is no way the organization can ignore the importance of environmental scanning and Analysis. What is Environmental Scanning and Analysis?Environmental Scanning and Analysis refers to a process of studying and exploring the impact of environments on business operations. It focuses on understanding how business environment affects strategy formulation and implementation. The Former Chief Executive Officer of General Electric Company Jack Welch, once said, â€Å"When the rate of change inside the company is exceeded by the rate of change outside the company, the end is near. † The meaning of this statement is that, if the firm is very weak in studying and coping with external environments is digging a grave for its own death.Environmental Scanning and Analysis is done in the following style. First; the organization is required to analyze business factors which exist in the environment in which the business operates. Second; the organization is required to classify each factor as to whether it falls under an opportunity or a threat. The following phases should be followed while doing environmental scanning and analysis: First phase; identify environmental influences; the aim of this stage is to indentify various factors which influence the organization performance recently and to forecast likely factors that will influence the performance in future.Second phase; an assessment of nature of the environment; the trends of an active factors should be analyzed, the assessment should look on whether the environment is static or dynamic and from there the decision of what is supposed to be done can be taken. Third phase; identify he factors which have a great influence on business operations based on their nature and intensity of its impact. Fourth phase; identify competitive position; analysis of the level of competition should be done based on how competitors are doing, their capabilities and weaknesses and how they are trying to deal with both of them should be scrutinized.Fifth phase; identify how the information obtained above influences the organization operations. Each information should be categorized in either it is a threat or an opportunity to the organization. At the end, this becomes an mportant component in dealing with organization strategy formulation and implementation. Therefore, environmental scanning and analysis results to the identification of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. This can be analyzed by using a SWOT analysis Model which is an abbreviation of the words Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat.Analysis of Strengths and Weaknesses The strength and weakness are internal tactors which can attect the organization operation in future. Specifically, Strengths refer to internal factors which can affect the organization operations in a positive way, while weaknesses are internal factors hich can affect the organization operations in a negative way. For example, p oor management of human resources can be considered as a weakness, and the application of advanced technology can be termed as strength to an organization.Environmental Strengths and Weakness Profile Basically, after intensive analysis has been done, is very important to prepare a strategic advantage profile for the organization. This profile gives a clear picture of critical areas which have a great impact to the organization op4 erations recently and in future. Strategic Advantage Profile for a Hypothetical firm A Organization Internal Area Competitive Strength or Weakness Marketing + Product Line is extensive + Services is excellent – Channels of distribution are weak Research and Development – No Research and development performed Operations + Excellent sourcing for new materials. Facilities are old and becoming out dated. Corporate Resources O Company size is about average for the industry. O Profits have been consistent but average. – Union employees compl ain frequently Finance + Balance sheet shows ability to obtain needed capital, low debt equity ratio, high working capital position and favorable stock position. Sources: Mzava, (2004:20) KEY: + Indicates Strength Indicates weakness O Indicates Neutral Analysis of Opportunities and Threats An opportunity and a threat are external factors which might affect the organization operation in future.Now, specifically, Opportunities are external environments which can affect the organization operations in a favorable way, while, Threats refers to factors which might affect the organization in unfavorable way. At the end of opportunities and threats analysis, Environmental Threat and Opportunity Profile (ETOP) must be established. Environmental Threat and Opportunity Profile (ETOP) is very important for strategies formulation and implementation.